The lumbar section of the spine is an extraordinarily resilient and complex structure, responsible for enabling everyday movement, supporting and redistributing loads, and protecting the spinal nerve. But despite how much we rely on our lower back in our daily lives, we tend to notice how much our lumbar spine does for us only when we suffer an injury.  Lower back injuries may not be life-threatening – but can be severe enough to impair mobility, cause chronic pain, and lead to withdrawal from sports and activities. Studies also tell us that lower back pain is a significant risk factor fo ..read more

Have you had a neck injury or whiplash trauma? Do you have neck pain, especially when looking up, and you don’t know the cause? Then you may want to learn about the cervical anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL).  Anatomy of the Anterior Longitudinal Ligament The ALL is a strong, wide ligament that runs along the front (anterior) of your spine. Ligaments are connective tissue that attach bone to bone to hold things in place. Function of the Anterior Longitudinal Ligament The function of the ALL is to resist excess spinal hyperextension. It helps to stabilize the front of the spine and conf ..read more

A thoracic herniated disc occurs when the soft center of a spinal disc in the thoracic area of the spinal region ruptures. This condition can lead to symptoms such as pain, numbness, and weakness in the chest, back, and potentially radiating down the arms, legs or abdomen. Effective thoracic herniated disc treatment often involves a combination of medical intervention and therapeutic exercises. Exercise is crucial in managing thoracic herniated discs as it helps strengthen the surrounding muscles, improve flexibility, and promote overall spine health. In this blog post, we will introduce a set ..read more

The knee joint is the largest compound synovial joint of the human body. The joint has bones, cartilage, muscles, and bursae that are held together by ligaments and tendons. Damage to any of these structures can give rise to knee pain. The location of knee pain can be very telling, and can help narrow down the diagnosis. That is why we have created a knee pain location chart. This will give you a brief idea of what is causing your knee pain. Knee Anatomy Bones In The Knee The knee joint is made up of three bones: the tibia, femur, and patella. Tendons In The Knee The major tendons at the knee ..read more

Craniocervical instability (CCI) occurs when the supportive muscles and ligaments in the upper cervical spine become ‘loose’ or ‘lax’. The importance and complexity of the vagus nerve is highlighted in its name. Vagus is the Latin word for ‘wandering’ and, as the name suggests, the vagus nerve travels widely throughout the body, resembling the root system of a tree. As the largest cranial nerve, the vagus nerve is a very important ‘communication highway’, carrying thousands of essential signals to and from the brain and body. For example, the vagus nerve is vital in sending sensory information ..read more

The transverse cervical artery (TCA) is a branch of the thyrocervical trunk, which itself is a branch of the first part of the subclavian artery. These arteries are part of the larger arterial network that supplies blood to the head, neck, and upper limbs. Understanding the anatomy and function of arteries like the TCA is vital, as it helps in diagnosing and treating various medical conditions and performing surgical interventions in the head and neck region. What Is the Transverse Cervical Artery? The TCA typically arises from the thyrocervical trunk but can also originate directly from the s ..read more

The human body is a marvel of intricate design, and its functioning relies on a network of complex systems. Among these, the nervous system serves as the communication highway, transmitting signals that enable us to move, feel, and interact with the world around us. One crucial component of this neural network is the ulnar nerve, a peripheral nerve that plays a pivotal role in the motor and sensory functions of the upper limb. In this article exploring the anatomical landscape of the ulnar nerve, we aim to foster a greater understanding of its role in the human body. What Is the Ulnar Nerve? T ..read more

Hamstring injuries range from mild strains to complete ruptures. The need for surgery often depends on the severity of the injury and the specific requirements of the individual, especially if the person is an athlete or has specific functional demands. Several factors influence the outcome of the surgery: Type of injury: Proximal hamstring tendon avulsion (where the tendon detaches from the bone at the pelvis) is the most common type of hamstring injury that requires surgical intervention. When the tendon is completely detached, surgical repair often results in better outcomes compared to no ..read more

The hip joint is a large ball and socket joint that’s important for lower extremity movement. The joints consist of the articulation of the femur (upper thigh bone/ball) and the acetabulum (the socket). The bones are lined with cartilage and the acetabulum is lined with a fibrocartilage called the labrum. The hip joints, as with all joints, are held together by connective tissue called ligaments. Ligaments are very important for hip joint health, stability, and function. What Are Hip Ligaments? Ligaments are soft tissues that connect bone to bone. Ligaments in the hip are like strong pieces of ..read more

The spine, consisting of 33 individual bones called vertebrae, is divided into five major regions: cervical (neck), thoracic (upper back), lumbar (lower back), sacral (pelvic region), and coccygeal (tailbone). These vertebrae are separated by intervertebral discs, which act as cushions and allow for flexibility in movement. The lumbar spine, also known as the lower back, is comprised of the five largest and strongest vertebrae, typically referred to as L1 through L5. The lumbar region is located below the thoracic spine and above the sacral spine, positioned between the ribcage and the pelvis ..read more