Are sex differences associated with substance use disorder in adolescents with ADHD?
ADHD Institute
by ADHD Institute Administrator
1y ago
Sex differences can influence the aetiology and course of mental disorders, but few studies have investigated such differences in patients with mental health disorders (Chandra et al, 2010; Howard, 2010). The objective of this study was to review current literature on sex differences in adolescents with ADHD in terms of substance use, substance use disorder (SUD),* and variables that may be related to substance use and SUDs (e.g. ADHD prevalence, pharmacological therapy and academic performance). The authors used search terms† to identify relevant articles from the PubMed, Web of Science and S ..read more
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Psychiatric disorders associated with attentional problems
ADHD Institute
by ADHD Institute Administrator
1y ago
There has been little research that has used objective measures to evaluate levels of inattention in psychiatric disorders other than ADHD. The aim of this study was to examine sustained attention impairments in young adults across a range of psychiatric disorders. Young adults aged 18–29 years who reported gambling at least five times in the previous year* were recruited from the Minneapolis and Chicago metropolitan areas. Participants received a psychiatric evaluation which included the WHO adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS), the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I), the ..read more
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Treating ADHD in children: is neurofeedback training as effective as behavioural therapy and pharmacological treatment?
ADHD Institute
by ADHD Institute Administrator
1y ago
Neurofeedback has been found to be effective in the overall reduction of hyperactivity and inattention in a child’s behaviour (Marzbani et al, 2016). However, it is not yet known whether neurofeedback is as effective as behavioural management or pharmacological treatment for ADHD. The objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of neurofeedback training in treating children with ADHD when compared with behavioural therapy and pharmacological treatment. A 12-month repeated-measure interventional study was conducted in children aged 6–12 years with ADHD as per Diagnostic and Sta ..read more
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Late manifestation of ADHD in older adults
ADHD Institute
by ADHD Institute Administrator
1y ago
While previous reports of late-onset ADHD have focused on age groups up to early adulthood, a recent case report has described an older individual who was diagnosed with ‘very late-onset’ ADHD after initially suspecting that she had dementia (Hiroyuki et al, 2020). This prompted the present observational study, which assessed the prevalence and clinical features of ADHD among patients presenting at a dementia clinic. The authors were particularly interested in understanding more about whether very late-onset ADHD could potentially be misdiagnosed as dementia. The study included patients who we ..read more
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Does the geographical variation in ADHD diagnoses reflect the level of symptoms in Norway?
ADHD Institute
by ADHD Institute Administrator
1y ago
No prior research has explored the extent to which geographical variation in ADHD diagnosis may be explained by geographical variation in ADHD symptoms. To address this, this study aimed to answer three research questions regarding child and adolescent ADHD: Does variation in the incidence rate of ADHD diagnosis between clinics exceed chance variation? Does variation in symptom levels of ADHD between clinics exceed chance variation? Does variation in the incidence rate of ADHD diagnosis between clinics, conditional on symptom levels of ADHD, exceed chance variation? The study used municipali ..read more
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Automated detection of ADHD: current trends and future perspective
ADHD Institute
by ADHD Institute Administrator
1y ago
Currently, ADHD is diagnosed by a clinical expert, typically a psychiatrist or specialist paediatrician. However, clinical assessment takes a minimum of 1 hour, and there is a global shortage of trained specialists, which means that diagnosis is often delayed (Adesman, 2001). Therefore, it is important to consider alternative approaches to improve the efficiency of early diagnosis, including the role of artificial intelligence. In this study, available literature on machine learning and deep learning studies on ADHD diagnosis were reviewed, and the various diagnostic tools used were identified ..read more
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Prevalence of ADHD in young people depending on race
ADHD Institute
by ADHD Institute Administrator
1y ago
It was stated in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders – 5th Edition (DSM-5TM) that the prevalence of ADHD symptoms is lower among African American children and adolescents compared with White children and adolescents (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). However, a recently published meta-analysis and review suggested a higher prevalence of ADHD in Black individuals of all ages than previously reported (Cénat et al, 2021). A meta-analysis comparing the prevalence of ADHD in a broader set of races and ethnicities remains a gap in the literature. This study therefore aim ..read more
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Cannabis use in adults with ADHD: efficacy of CANreduce 2.0
ADHD Institute
by ADHD Institute Administrator
1y ago
Lifetime rates of cannabis consumption are rising (Vogel et al, 2015; EMCDDA, 2018; SAMHSA, 2015), with both cannabis use and cannabis-use disorders being significantly more common in individuals with ADHD (Estévez et al, 2016). The aim of the present study was to assess whether the online self-help tool, CANreduce 2.0,* affects cannabis use and symptom severity in adults with ADHD compared with those without. From August 2016 to December 2018, adult participants (aged ≥18 years, fluent in German) from the CANreduce 2.0 study (Baumgartner et al, 2021) with and without ADHD, who had used cannab ..read more
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Do socioeconomic status and maternal education influence risk of ADHD during early childhood?
ADHD Institute
by ADHD Institute Administrator
1y ago
A 2016 systematic review (Russell et al, 2016) found that lower socioeconomic status (SES) was associated with ADHD across multiple dimensions (i.e. income, maternal education, occupation, paternal education, single-parent families). The Elucidating Pathways of Child Health inequalities (EPOCH) study examined the relationship between household income, maternal education and childhood ADHD. The EPOCH study, funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, was developed by researchers in the International Network for Research on Inequalities in Child Health, who examined large, population-b ..read more
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Effects of physical exercise on symptoms of ADHD
ADHD Institute
by ADHD Institute Administrator
1y ago
Pharmacological interventions are the most common treatments in ADHD. However, more recently, clinicians have begun research investigating physical activities and exercise interventions in children with ADHD. Studies have shown that physical exercise can relieve anxiety, depression, aggressive behaviour and social issues in children with ADHD (Zang, 2019). The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the effects of physical exercise on children with ADHD in China and other countries, and provide evidence for use in clinical practice. Using several key phrases and medical subject headings,* ei ..read more
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