1. Headache in Children 2. Using Paracetamol as an Anti-emetic 3. Croup - Clinically relevant classification from PedsEM Morsels 4. Diagnosing and Treating Constipation in Children 5. Fever phobia RANT Posted by:                     Lakshay Chanana      Emergency Medicine Trainee      South East Scotland Deanery      Edinburgh      @EMDidactic ..read more

The extensor mechanism comprises of the quadriceps muscles and tendon, medial and lateral retinacula, patella, patellar tendon, and tibial tubercle. Tendons of the extensor mechanism are extremely resistant to tensile loads and do not rupture under normal physiologic conditions, even with significant degrees of stress. Injury generally happens due to sudden vigorous contraction of the muscle with the knee in a flexed position, laceration, or a direct impact. Disruption may occur at any level from the quadriceps muscle to the insertion on the tibial tubercle.  Rupture of the quadriceps ..read more

Introduction Psychogenic Non-Epileptiform Seizures is a real disease. These events probably represent a subconscious dissociative physical response to distressing internal emotional stimuli. These attacks may look like epileptic seizures but are not truly caused by altered electrical activity in the brain but happen due to a reaction to adverse life experiences, trauma, loss or bereavement. Patients with PNES do not have a focal lesion, but rather have dysfunction that is distributed across a wide array of limbic and cortical substrates modulated by several key endocrine signals. The productio ..read more

Introduction Cellulitis is often misdiagnosed in ED. Available literature reports a misdiagnosis rate of close to 30% that leads to unnecessary admission and antibiotics.  Cellulitis usually doesn’t affect the deeper layers of skin and presents is a poorly demarcated area of superficial bacterial infection which is painful, erythematous and warm to the touch. It is a clinical diagnosis and no labs are needed unless there are other concerns (Nec Fasc, Osteomyelitis, Abscess). Blood cultures are low yield and should be done only in critically ill and those who fail to improve. Most cases of cell ..read more

Introduction Proximal femur fractures are a common injury, particularly in the elderly. If seen in the younger population then it signifies significant degree of forces involved. Fractures can be described as intracapsular (NOF) or extracapsualar (intertrochanteric, transtrochanteric and subtrochanteric). Intracapsular fractures are at high risk of non-union and avascular necrosis due to compromisedd blood supply and often arthroplasty (either hemiarthroplasty or total hip replacement) may be indicated for these fractures. It is important to always consider the possibility of a pathological fr ..read more