Crystal structure of the ATPase domain of porcine circovirus type 2 Rep protein
Microbiology Society » Journal of General Virology
by Shuaiyin Guan, Zhen Li, Yang Han, Ang Tian, Saisai Zhou, Huanchun Chen, Guiqing Peng and Yunfeng Song
1w ago
PCV2 belongs to the genus Circovirus in the family Circoviridae, whose genome is replicated by rolling circle replication (RCR). PCV2 Rep is a multifunctional enzyme that performs essential functions at multiple stages of viral replication. Rep is responsible for nicking and ligating single-stranded DNA and unwinding double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). However, the structure and function of the Rep are still poorly understood, which significantly impedes viral replication research. This study successfully resolved the structure of the PCV2 Rep ATPase domain (PRAD) using X-ray crystallography. Homolo ..read more
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Oxidative stress governs mosquito innate immune signalling to reduce chikungunya virus infection in Aedes-derived cells
Microbiology Society » Journal of General Virology
by Divya Mehta, Sakshi Chaudhary and Sujatha Sunil
1w ago
Arboviruses such as chikungunya, dengue and zika viruses cause debilitating diseases in humans. The principal vector species that transmits these viruses is the Aedes mosquito. Lack of substantial knowledge of the vector species hinders the advancement of strategies for controlling the spread of arboviruses. To supplement our information on mosquitoes’ responses to virus infection, we utilized Aedes aegypti-derived Aag2 cells to study changes at the transcriptional level during infection with chikungunya virus (CHIKV). We observed that genes belonging to the redox pathway were significantly d ..read more
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Downregulation of endogenous nectin1 in human keratinocytes by herpes simplex virus 1 glycoprotein D excludes superinfection but does not affect NK cell function
Microbiology Society » Journal of General Virology
by Joanne Kite, Monica Hill, Natasha Preston, Anzelika Rubina, Simon Kollnberger, Eddie Chung Yern Wang and Gillian Elliott
2w ago
Many viruses downregulate their cognate receptors, facilitating virus replication and pathogenesis via processes that are not yet fully understood. In the case of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV1), the receptor binding protein glycoprotein D (gD) has been implicated in downregulation of its receptor nectin1, but current understanding of the process is limited. Some studies suggest that gD on the incoming virion is sufficient to achieve nectin1 downregulation, but the virus-encoded E3 ubiquitin ligase ICP0 has also been implicated. Here we have used the physiologically relevant nTERT human keratin ..read more
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Incidental finding of a human-like tusavirus in a lamb with lip lesions and fatal pneumonia
Microbiology Society » Journal of General Virology
by Hannah Davies, Akbar Dastjerdi, David Everest, Tobias Floyd, Rachael Collins, Harriet McFadzean, Gábor Reuter and Rudolf Reichel
3w ago
Tusaviruses in the genus Protoparvovirus of family Parvoviridae were first identified in a diarrhoeic Tunisian child in 2014. Thereafter, high prevalence of a genetically similar virus was demonstrated in faeces from caprine and ovine species in Hungary. Here, we describe an investigation into the cause of scabby lip lesions in a 6 month-old lamb, submitted from a farm experiencing weight loss and scouring in lambs in England. Transmission electron microscopy visualised small circular particles of 18 and 22 nm in diameter in lip lesions identified as tusavirus and flumine parvovirus by Next G ..read more
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Forty-nine metagenomic-assembled genomes from an aquatic virome expand Caudoviricetes by 45 potential new families and the newly uncovered Gossevirus of Bamfordvirae
Microbiology Society » Journal of General Virology
by Yimin Ni, Ting Chu, Shuling Yan and Yongjie Wang
3w ago
Twenty complete genomes (29–63 kb) and 29 genomes with an estimated completeness of over 90 % (30–90 kb) were identified for novel dsDNA viruses in the Yangshan Harbor metavirome. These newly discovered viruses contribute to the expansion of viral taxonomy by introducing 46 potential new families. Except for one virus, all others belong to the class Caudoviricetes. The exception is a novel member of the recently characterized viral group known as Gossevirus. Fifteen viruses were predicted to be temperate. The predicted hosts for the viruses appear to be involved in various aspects of the nitr ..read more
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Structural basis for nuclear import of bat adeno-associated virus capsid protein
Microbiology Society » Journal of General Virology
by Mikayla Hoad, Justin A. Roby and Jade K. Forwood
3w ago
Adeno-associated viruses (AAV) are one of the world’s most promising gene therapy vectors and as a result, are one of the most intensively studied viral vectors. Despite a wealth of research into these vectors, the precise characterisation of AAVs to translocate into the host cell nucleus remains unclear. Recently we identified the nuclear localization signals of an AAV porcine strain and determined its mechanism of binding to host importin proteins. To expand our understanding of diverse AAV import mechanisms we sought to determine the mechanism in which the Cap protein from a bat-infecting ..read more
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The plant virus transmissions database
Microbiology Society » Journal of General Virology
by Dick Peters†, Emilyn E. Matsumura, Paulien van Vredendaal and René A.A. van der Vlugt
3w ago
Plant viruses are transmitted mechanically or by vegetative propagation, and by vectors such as arthropods, fungi, nematodes, or parasitic plants. Sources to access available information regarding plant virus transmissions are scattered and require extensive literature searches. Here, a recently created plant virus transmission database is described. This was developed to provide access to the modes of transmission and vectors of over 1600 plant viruses. The database was compiled using over 3500 publication records spanning the last 100 years. The information is publicly accessible via https ..read more
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Immunogenicity, safety and duration of protection afforded by chikungunya virus vaccines undergoing human clinical trials
Microbiology Society » Journal of General Virology
by Shambhavi Rao, Daniel Erku, Suresh Mahalingam and Adam Taylor
3w ago
Background. Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) causes chikungunya fever and has been responsible for major global epidemics of arthritic disease over the past two decades. Multiple CHIKV vaccine candidates are currently undergoing or have undergone human clinical trials, with one vaccine candidate receiving FDA approval. This scoping review was performed to evaluate the ‘efficacy’, ‘safety’ and ‘duration of protection’ provided by CHIKV vaccine candidates in human clinical trials. Methods. This scoping literature review addresses studies involving CHIKV vaccine clinical trials using available literatu ..read more
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ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Kolmioviridae 2024
Microbiology Society » Journal of General Virology
by Jens H. Kuhn, Artem Babaian, Laura M. Bergner, Paul Dény, Dieter Glebe, Masayuki Horie, Eugene V. Koonin, Mart Krupovic, Sofia Paraskevopoulou, Marcos de la Peña, Teemu Smura and Jussi Hepojoki
3w ago
Kolmioviridae is a family for negative-sense RNA viruses with circular, viroid-like genomes of about 1.5–1.7 kb that are maintained in mammals, amphibians, birds, fish, insects and reptiles. Deltaviruses, for instance, can cause severe hepatitis in humans. Kolmiovirids encode delta antigen (DAg) and replicate using host-cell DNA-directed RNA polymerase II and ribozymes encoded in their genome and antigenome. They require evolutionary unrelated helper viruses to provide envelopes and incorporate helper virus proteins for infectious particle formation. This is a summary of the International Com ..read more
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Newcastle disease virus regulates its replication by instigating oxidative stress-driven Sirtuin 7 production
Microbiology Society » Journal of General Virology
by Kamal Shokeen and Sachin Kumar
1M ago
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation inside the cells instigates oxidative stress, activating stress-responsive genes. The viral strategies for promoting stressful conditions and utilizing the induced host proteins to enhance their replication remain elusive. The present work investigates the impact of oxidative stress responses on Newcastle disease virus (NDV) pathogenesis. Here, we show that the progression of NDV infection varies with intracellular ROS levels. Additionally, the results demonstrate that NDV infection modulates the expression of oxidative stress-responsive genes, major ..read more
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